Educational Program on Tobacco Abuse and Addiction Essay

The Theory of Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Theory of Monopoly - Essay Example The fourth kind of restraining infrastructure is, presumably, the most significant. It is the syndication on thoughts, that is, on the scholarly items; when either disclosure is made, it is important to remunerate the costs and to have the patent, in light of the fact that in any case the proprietor of the thought would not have the option to repay his costs and to proceed with his examinations, in this manner transitory (on occasion, truly tough) imposing business model is made for the thought, which is the premise of the item. Antimonopoly laws in the USA have showed up toward the finish of the nineteenth century and have brought enormous advantages, as they encouraged rivalry, and rivalry in its turn favors the low costs of items, yet additionally animates the producer to diminish his costs; to diminish the costs he is obliged to complete mechanical and specialized developments, - that is the reason the division of the typical imposing business models prompted the specialized advancement. After the World War II a few huge imposing business models in Germany have been isolated - the best model is in the concoction monster 'IG-Farben', which has been partitioned into a few sections, presently spoke to by the substance organizations 'BASF', 'Bayer' and 'Hoechst'. Be that as it may, when all is said in done, such division in Europe was not normal. Despite what might be expected, the procedure of statism, as it has occurred with Renault Company in France, with their synchronous growth, was generally spread in the European nations. European markets are shaped by the oligopoly standard, - vehicle advertise is the splendid case of such circumstance - a few huge organizations continually contend with one another; a similar circumstance is in the circle of pharmaceuticals and substance items. There are a few highlights, which are particular to the advancement of imposing business models and... Antimonopoly laws in the USA have showed up toward the finish of the nineteenth century and have brought immense advantages, as they encouraged rivalry, and rivalry in its turn favors the low costs of items as well as invigorates the maker to diminish his costs; to diminish the costs he is obliged to complete mechanical and specialized developments, - that is the reason the division of the standard restraining infrastructures prompted the specialized advancement. After the World War II, a few enormous imposing business models in Germany have been isolated †the best model is the concoction monster ‘IG-Farben’, which has been partitioned into a few sections, presently spoke to by the compound organizations ‘BASF’, ‘Bayer’ and ‘Hoechst’. Be that as it may, when all is said in done, such division in Europe was not regular. In actuality, the procedure of statism, as it has occurred with Renault Company in France, with their synchron ous growth, was broadly spread in the European nations. European markets are shaped by the oligopoly standard, - car advertise is the splendid case of such circumstance †a few huge organizations continually rival one another; a similar circumstance is in the circle of pharmaceuticals and compound items. There are a few highlights, which are exceptional to the advancement of imposing business models and rivalry at present time. The main propensity is the developing restraining infrastructure of the market; the logical and specialized transformation has made the change the more significant level of business augmentation (the joining of associations).

Sitka

Sitka Sitka sit ´k? [key], city (1990 pop. 8,588), Sitka census div., SE Alaska, in the Alexander Archipelago, on Baranof Island; inc. 1971. Fishing, its first industry, remains important; salmon, halibut, red snapper, crab, herring, abalone, and clams are caught. There are canneries, and tourism is also economically significant. Sitka was founded (1799) by Aleksandr Baranov . Destroyed by Tlingits in 1802, the settlement was rebuilt as Novoarkhangelsk and became the flourishing capital of Russian America. There, in 1867, the United States officially took possession of Alaska from Russia. Renamed after the purchase of Alaska, Sitka remained the capital until 1900. The Univ. of Alaska Southeast campus and Sheldon Jackson College are in the city. Points of interest include Sitka National Historical Park, scene of a decisive battle (1804) between the Russians and the Tlingit; the Russian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Michael (built 1844â€"48); and Castle Hill, site of the transfer of Alaska to the United States, which is commemorated by the annual Alaska Day Festival in October. State logging championships are also held in Sitka. Mt. Edgecumbe, on an island to the west, can be seen from Sitka's harbor. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Assigning Oxidation States Example Problem

The oxidation state of an atom in a molecule refers to the degree of oxidation of that atom. Oxidation states are assigned to atoms by a set of rules based on the arrangement of electrons and bonds around that atom. This means each atom in the molecule has its own oxidation state which could be different from similar atoms in the same molecule.These examples will use the rules outlined in Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers. Key Takeaways: Assigning Oxidation States An oxidation number refer to the quantity of electrons that may be gained or lost by an atom. An atom of an element may be capable of multiple oxidation numbers.The oxidation state is the positive or negative number of an atom in a compound, which may be found by comparing the numbers of electrons shared by the cation and anion in the compound needed to balance each others charge.The cation has a positive oxidation state, while the anion has a negative oxidation state. The cation is listed first in a formula or compound name. Problem: Assign oxidation states to each atom in H2OAccording to rule 5, oxygen atoms typically have an oxidation state of -2.According to rule 4, hydrogen atoms have an oxidation state of 1.We can check this using rule 9 where the sum of all oxidation states in a neutral molecule is equal to zero.(2 x 1) (2 H) -2 (O) 0 TrueThe oxidation states check out.Answer: The hydrogen atoms have an oxidation state of 1 and the oxygen atom has an oxidation state of -2.Problem: Assign oxidation states to each atom in CaF2.Calcium is a Group 2 metal. Group IIA metals have an oxidation of 2.Fluorine is a halogen or Group VIIA element and has a higher electronegativity than calcium. According to rule 8, fluorine will have an oxidation of -1.Check our values using rule 9 since CaF2 is a neutral molecule:2 (Ca) (2 x -1) (2 F) 0 True.Answer: The calcium atom has an oxidation state of 2 and the fluorine atoms have an oxidation state of -1.Problem: Assign oxidation states to the atoms in hypochlorou s acid or HOCl.br/>Hydrogen has an oxidation state of 1 according to rule 4.Oxygen has an oxidation state of -2 according to rule 5.Chlorine is a Group VIIA halogen and usually has an oxidation state of -1. In this case, the chlorine atom is bonded to the oxygen atom. Oxygen is more electronegative than chlorine making it the exception to rule 8. In this case, chlorine has an oxidation state of 1.Check the answer:1 (H) -2 (O) 1 (Cl) 0 TrueAnswer: Hydrogen and chlorine have 1 oxidation state and oxygen has -2 oxidation state.Problem: Find the oxidation state of a carbon atom in C2H6. According to rule 9, the sum total oxidation states add up to zero for C2H6.2 x C 6 x H 0Carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen. According to rule 4, hydrogen will have a 1 oxidation state.2 x C 6 x 1 02 x C -6C -3Answer: Carbon has a -3 oxidation state in C2H6.Problem: What is the oxidation state of the manganese atom in KMnO4?According to rule 9, the sum total of oxidation states of a ne utral molecule equal zero.br/>K Mn (4 x O) 0Oxygen is the most electronegative atom in this molecule. This means, by rule 5, oxygen has an oxidation state of -2.Potassium is a Group IA metal and has an oxidation state of 1 according to rule 6.1 Mn (4 x -2) 01 Mn -8 0Mn -7 0Mn 7Answer: Manganese has an oxidation state of 7 in the KMnO4 molecule.Problem: What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in the sulfate ion - SO42-.Oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur, so the oxidation state of oxygen is -2 by rule 5.SO42- is an ion, so by rule 10, the sum of the oxidation numbers of the ion is equal to the charge of the ion. In this case, the charge is equal to -2.S (4 x O) -2S (4 x -2) -2S -8 -2S 6Answer: The sulfur atom has an oxidation state of 6.Problem: What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in the sulfite ion - SO32-?Just like the previous example, oxygen has an oxidation state of -2 and the total oxidation of the ion is -2. The only difference is th e one less oxygen.br/>S (3 x O) -2S (3 x -2) -2S -6 -2S 4Answer: Sulfur in the sulfite ion has an oxidation state of 4.

Characteristics of Bipolar Disorders Essay - 1304 Words

Characteristics of Bipolar Disorders Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy, and ability to function (Mental Help Net, 2004). Different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through, the symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. They can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. Bipolar Disorder is broken down into two types: Bipolar I: For a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, at least one manic or mixed episode clearly is or has been present (APA, 2000). DSM-IV Criteria for Bipolar I Disorder consists of: One or more Manic or Mixed episodes†¦show more content†¦Bipolar II: Similar to Bipolar I Disorder, there are periods of highs as described above and often followed by periods of depression. Bipolar II Disorder, however is different in that the highs are hypo manic, rather than manic (APA, 2000). In other words, they have similar symptoms but they are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning and typically do not require hospitalization in order to assure the safety of the person. A persons family history and genetics (diathesis) often play an important role in the greater likelihood of someone having bipolar disorder in their lifetime (Mental Help Net, 2004). Increased stress and inadequate coping mechanisms to deal with that stress may also contribute to the disorders manifestation. Bipolar disorder is most often experienced as a swing between a manic and a depressed mood, which may often be related to increased stress or other event in a persons normal life (Mental Help Net, 2004). Nearly anything can trigger a person to shift in mood, and sometimes there is no obvious trigger at all. Often, the first manic episode is triggered because of some external stressor the person has experienced. However, the hallmark of Bipolar disorder is that the persons extreme moods often seem to come on of their own accord (Mental Help Net,Show MoreRelatedThe Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder and Modes of Treatment1026 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder (manic-depres sion) is a neurological disorder influencing mood. Without treatment, people afflicted by this disorder demonstrate extreme emotional fluctuations throughout their lives. Yet despite (or perhaps as a result of) the unusual intensity of the bipolar emotional roller coaster, many people with this disorder have been widely regarded as leaders and high achievers in a variety of fields of endeavor. A closer look at bipolar disorder seems to reveal a cycle of extremes fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders1249 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder, also known as manic/depressive disorder once was a disorder that carried a severe societal stigmatism. It now has carries less stigmatism but is a disorder which has become difficult to diagnosis and extremely prevalent in today’s society. Due to the manic characteristic of the disorder it differentiates itself from the typical form of depression. Even though both depression and bipolar disorder can be due to an imbalance in brain chemistry and biology, genetics, or effected byRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Disorder1354 Words   |  6 Pagesher battle with manic-depressive disorder, otherwise known as bipolar disorder. This memoir gave an intelligent perspective of the emotional battle people face when dealing with bipolar disorder, as well as an understanding on the reality and nature of this illness. This book follows very closely to the research based on bipolar disorder, which gave a good informational perspective as well as emotional insight. Through reading this book, articles on bipolar disorder, and research it gave a powerfulRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1572 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Bipolar disorder has had a large history full of misunderstandings, wrongful treatments and stigma surrounding the illness. Bipolar, formerly called manic depression causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). (Mayo 1998) When you become depressed you may feel sad, vulnerable and anxious. When you experience mania you will become overly joyful or full of energy, making the crash back to depression that much harder. According to A ShortRead MorePrevalence Rate For Bipolar I Disorder1552 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime prevalence rate for Bipolar I Disorder is 0.6% and the 12-month prevalence rate is 0.4% of the overall population (Merikangas et al, 2011). The United States had the highest reported lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders with 4.4% and a 12-month prevalence of 2.8%. In addition, lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar I disorder were found to be slightly higher in males than in females. While much of the reported prevalence rates for bipolar disorder are based on adults 18 yearsRead MoreEffective Instructional Practices For Students With Bipolar Disorder Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesInstructional Practices for Educators Working with Students Afflicted with Bipolar Disorder Despite the advances in designing instructions for students with learning disabilities, a lot of educators across the country still face significant challenges in addressing the needs of students who suffer from behavioral and emotional disorders. To add to this existing conundrum, there are a lot of students exhibiting bipolar characteristics who remain undiagnosed. Despite the existing federal mandates to betterRead MoreChildhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour1460 Words   |  6 Pagesshown how trauma causes behavioral problems and can also result in mental disorders in the person. Studies conducted by Gabriele et al. (2002) and Sara et al. (2013) show how incidences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are widespread in patients with bipolar disorder. Gabriele et al. (2002) conducted the research to find out the impact of adverse childhood events, mainly physical and sexual abuse on bipolar disorder. Their hypothesis was, â€Å"the occurrence of these traumatic events early inRead MoreEssay on Bi polar disorder1550 Words   |  7 Pages Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder, however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victimsRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of Bipolar Disorder924 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bipolar Disorder At least 2 million Americans suffer from bipolar disorder, more commonly known as manic-depression. This illness usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Although it may come into affect at any time, most individuals with the disorder experience their first mood episode in their 20’s. However, manic-depression quite often strike teenagers and has been diagnosed in children under 12. The risk of suicide among personsRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depression has always been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that it can appear in almost everyone. Bipolar disorder causes mood swings in energy, thinking, and other behavior. Having a bipolar disorder can be very disabling (Kapczinski). A study was evaluated and about 1.3% of the U.S population of people suffers from bipolar disorder. Stressors and environmental influences can trigger and cause a person to go through numerous episodes. Bipolar

A Medium of Spirituality Free Essays

In most cases of media-oriented or group worship traditions, there are many different factors to consider such as the rhetorical methods and its implications and the mode in which these worship practices are addressed in the different traditions. Thus, the formation of such religious and worship practices come into context with the prevailing method of communications, especially in our modern context – the media. There are numerous facets of media and communications today that even spirituality attempts to plant itself on these kind of communicative phenomena. We will write a custom essay sample on A Medium of Spirituality? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, a specific worship experience, perhaps commonly prevalent today, is through the television. These religious shows are mostly based on the reading and interpretation of passages from the bible through some authoritative assumptions and conclusions. In his book, A History of Christian Spirituality, Urban Holmes categorizes the different modes of spirituality and worship traditions through a combination of four quadrants of a ‘circle of sensibility.’ The north polar end of the diagram is categorized as the rational or cognitive pole. The south polar of the same line is the emotional or affective side. The east and west is categorized as kataphatic (for speech) and apophatic (against speech), respectively. Thus, through the combination of these four different areas, we may find some mode of spirituality categorized as kataphatic-cognitive, apophatic-affective, among others. As such, the different traditions of worship are categorized whether it appeals to the emotions, the intellect, or the preference for written/oral traditions or not. An example of these different modes of spirituality or worship is through television shows that provide an interpretation of the scripture. These bible-oriented interpretative shows are then categorized, according to Holmes, on the speculative-kataphatic or cognitive-kataphatic. Since most readings require interpretation during these sessions, then most spirituality expressed in these is through a interpretative method coupled with some consideration with an intellectual understanding. Also, the methods in which these lectures are addressed are also taken into consideration since varying methods of rhetorical delivery may also affect such theological understanding. For example, a bible show that presents an argument on the goodness of God then meticulously chooses passages from the bible to support the argument (intellectual), and the interpreter then presents his or her own views regarding the subject matter. There are of course a number of speech methods that ultimately affect the interpretation of the viewers themselves as it appeals to an emotional construct of the person. The method of inquiry through interpretation may be too diverse to explain whether such interpretations affect the intellectual or emotional aspect. In terms of spirituality, these newer methods of theological proclamation then posit two problems: first is the authenticity of the spirituality produced conveyed through a non-personal approach (e.g. television instead of live or ‘practical’ worship practices). Second is the affectivity of such methods compared to a more personal understanding of theological ideologies. We must first then consider the authenticity of such spirituality in the given circumstance. Through television, the information conveyed by the scripture(s) becomes somehow stratified through a selective process of theological topics instead of a diverse and explorative manner of topic discussion. These shows are not wholly aimed for the purpose of elevating spiritual consciousness but rather, just like any other television program, are much more concerned on viewer ratings and the advantages to other competitions similar to that of the program. Thus, authenticity of the spirituality espoused in these shows is in question. Can these shows provide the same level of spirituality as that of a normative worship practice? In some way, the affectivity of these may cause some further theological discussion involving the scriptural context that appeals the intellect. However, it cannot be said that these shows are a main tenet of producing spirituality in such a way that these kinds of discussions are carefully structured in order to gain more viewers instead of gaining more theological understanding. How to cite A Medium of Spirituality?, Papers

Psychology of Criminal Minds Essay Example

Psychology of Criminal Minds Paper ISU Part III Topic: The psychology of Criminal Minds Focus of Research: Effects of abuse in early childhood How abuse affects adolescents Effects of abuse on early adulthood How abuse at younger ages triggers violence into late adulthood. Type of Primary Research: I choose to do a questionnaire because it is helpful to know what students our age know about criminal behaviors and how their minds work. Also about how much they know about the factors that affect them during their lifetimes that lead up to them being criminals. The questionnaire will be for 30-40 adults and students. I will ask older friends and students from Pickering High School to complete the questionnaire to base it on their prime knowledge. The questionnaire contenders will complete the survey with either straight yes or no answers or simple answers or with more of an explanatory answer including detail and listing what is asked of them. The questions will aim at how they think criminals are and how their brain works specifically within the developmental periods. The results from this questionnaire will be included in the final report and it will be compared to how much young adults know about crime and what the reality is. Sample Questions: We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of Criminal Minds specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of Criminal Minds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of Criminal Minds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To what degree do you think spanking is acceptable? Do you think that spanking is a form of abuse? Do you agree that children who are aggressive and violent at childhood are most likely to become criminal offenders at adolescence and late adulthood? What in your opinion makes young children who are abused susceptible to becoming young offenders? What do you think triggers violence in criminals? Name the different types of aggression your familiar with. What in your opinion makes a person a susceptible target for criminals? Do you think that serial killers are naturally insane or are there some kind of chemical imbalances?